Carnival
Carnival - Daniela Spoto 2023, © CCIAA NU

Carnival

Description

Carnival is deep-felt and enthusiastically celebrated in the Nuorese. Almost every town has its own traditional stock character.

Mamoiada, anthropomorphic facial mask, 19th century, Loreto Cabiddu collection, Fittiloghe winery
Mamoiada, anthropomorphic facial mask, 19th century, Loreto Cabiddu collection, Fittiloghe winery - © Archivio Ilisso

These characters have been passed down over the centuries and studied by anthropologists. The most famous ones include sos mamuthones e issohadores di Mamoiada, Maimones, Murronarzos e Intintos (from Olzai), sa maschera e gattu di Sarule, sos bundos (Orani), sos boes e merdules (Ottana), sos turpos di Orotelli, su maimone (Oniferi), su battileddu di Lula, s'urtu (Fonni), sos Colonganos (Austis, sos Intintos (Ovodda), Coli Coli (Tianai).

Ottana, bonfire of Sant'Antonio Abate. Traditional mask
Ottana, bonfire of Sant'Antonio Abate. Traditional mask - © Atzori Riccardo - stock.adobe.com

According to scholars, these characters were linked to propitiatory and Dionysian rituals carried out by ancient Sardinians to expel evil spirits or ensure a good harvest.

They first appeared on the feast of St Anthony (16 January, but in some towns 17 January), in connection with the traditional votive fires that marks the start of Carnival in Sardinia.

Mamoiada, Mamuthones
Mamoiada, Mamuthones - CC BY-SA 4.0 Gianni Careddu, Commons Wikimedia - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mamoiada_-_Costume_tradizionale_(12).JPG

The processions have many different facets, but they essentially represent mystery and fear, all of it often accompanied by the sound of cowbells.
The streets are filled with Carnival characters, each one with its own meaning and history.

The atmosphere surrounding Carnival is different in Sardinia than that of other regions, since here it is linked to ancient agricultural, pastoral and rural rituals in which humans and animals played a key role.

Fonni, carnival traditions
Fonni, carnival traditions - CC BY-SA 4.0 Gianni Careddu, Commons Wikimedia - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fonni_-_Urthos_e_Buttudos_(15).jpg
Ottana, bovine facial masks, early 20th century. Nuoro, Museo del Costume
Ottana, bovine facial masks, early 20th century. Nuoro, Museo del Costume - © Archivio Ilisso